Please Help me smoke

Hi, my name is “mind your own business” and I am very much tensed these days. I study in a “random” college and I am in extreme pain. It all has happened due to the rules and regulations of the Himachal Government.

I was, or I can say I am a chain smoker. Smoking 2-3 packs daily helps me regain my consciousness which I had lost, and I also don’t know when.

My life is ruined by the new colleges which have come up in the hill state. I don’t know why there is such a need to design a college at every nook and corner. These colleges have ruined my life.
The beginning occurred with the National law on Tobacco and smoking came in 2003. The law forbid selling of tobacco, cigarettes etc. in 100 yards circle of school, colleges and any sort of educational institution. I’ve searched entire state, but each and every area comes under these vicious circles…I don’t know where to go…??????//

 

Well if you are thinking, what is meant by above story. Here are some facts-

1. 92% engineering seats remained vacant this year in most of the engineering colleges. Even the polytechnic ones were also not able to BUY students.

2. If facilities are what makes college perfect, most of the colleges lack in basic education imparting facilities.

3. Himachal is the second state in the country to be smoke free. Similarly Shimla is the second city to become smoke free after copying down Chandigarh smoke free model.

4. About 60 lakh rupees fine has been collected in Himachal Pradesh. (Smoking as we all know according to 2008 law is banned in public places.)This fine has to be used to prevent production of tobacco or smoking products.

5. About 1 million people die in India due to smoking.

 

Still we can’t stop anyone. Can we…..Still…

Bullet Proof Jackets, a Myth

 

 

 

Soldiers are the lifeline of our country. Be it protecting the borders, or be it saving the lives of the people in case of  disasters. They have proved their worth in each and every difficulty. But to the Indian armed forces their lives seem to carry not much importance. The bullet-proof jackets used at the present moment by the Indian Armed forces are not up to the International standards.

In the recent ceasefire violation by Pakistani troops, 5 jawan’s were killed. On 3 of the jawan’s chest, bullet wounds were found. This clearly indicates the inefficiency of the Bullet Proof Jackets or their absence. Bullet proof jackets are essential for protection from bullets or shrapnel. Poor quality jackets may lead to tremendous disadvantages as the life of a soldier may be put in danger.

Defense Acquisition Council(DAC) headed by the defense minister A K Antony had ordered nearly 1,80,000 bullet proof jackets for the Indian Army in 2009. More than 3 years have passed, and the procurements have still not been made. The ministry was to procure nearly 3,50,000 bullet proof vests. Techno commercial bids for the jackets were submitted in April, 2013. The procurements will consume a lot of time and hence the lives of our soldiers will still be in danger.

Many scams have rocked the Defense Ministry this year including the Augusta-Westland deal. The delay in procurement may further deteriorate the image of the Ministry. It is the responsibility of Indian Army to safeguard the interests of the soldiers protecting our borders. The stronger our borders are, the more peaceful our lives would be.

 

 

Tax evasion by P.G. Owners

 

The PG (paying guest) facility providers are required to fill up income returns for the income they have earned through renting rooms and providing facilities. Many PG owners in Shimla don’t pay the taxes and cheat the govt.

The P.G’s come under commercial stream, that is the rate of supplies for them are  different from what is there for a normal household family. For e.g. water supply bill, electricity bill etc.

 

HOW WILL I KNOW THAT A PERSON IS NOT PAYING TAX

Well there is a simple test you can do. Garbage collecting person comes to your homes right. There are some simple steps.

 

1. Is there a PG facility in your area, check it out.

2. If there is a facility, then the garbage collecting person is connected to it.(It is mandatory)

3. Ask the garbage collecting person or the one who collects the money for the garbage, whether the owner pays Rs.  >50.

(20 categories have been created. The minimum rate is Rs. 50 and the maximum is Rs. 1000.)

4. If the answer is yes. You got an honest tax payer in your locality.

5. If not, complaint the authorities.

 

 

 

Be responsible, pay tax.

Playground Playground Everywhere, but not space to PLAY

Sports, the very word filled our hearts with joy and ecstasy. To play cricket every evening and afterwards playing hide and seek when the sun took nap. It was on our daily schedule to get out of our homes and enjoy such games. But today the time has changed, the generation has changed, Shimla has changed.
I am not here to talk about that the change generation because everybody  knows that. I am here to talk about the shrinking playground space.

Reasons of shrinking spaces-
1. The vehicles in Shimla-


As is clearly seen in the picture, that people now have become ignorant. This picture is 4 years old but the scenario is still the same. People park their vehicles haphazardly, anywhere they want.
Now I’ll talk about the place where I live, Nabha.


The picture shown above is of the only ground that Nabha has got. Due to the negligence of the authorities and increasing no. of vehicles in Shimla, this ground which once was the playground when we were small has turned in to a parking space.
A tennis court construction started in early 2000, but due to no from the residents nearby the construction work was stopped. Now I don’t know the exact reason why the construction stopped. The only reason I know is that the ground was converted in to a parking lot.

Now, the other part of the ground has been made a playground for the kids. This part is 1/4 of the ground space. Seriously, the MC needs to explain ,how a concrete space is a playground for kids.
For years the councilor's have been talking about the construction of a parking lot near 103 tunnel, but the words are the same and the councilor has changed.
(SINCERE APPEAL- If you are old then I agree u require a vehicle, but if you are able, can’t you use public vehicles. The answer I get is “tera kya jata hai, chahe hum apne paiso ko aag laga lein.” I’ve seen vehicles with single drivers and people with multiple cars, like they will put their one foot in one car and another foot in other. Please be a change. If you have excess money, help others. Probably, this way you might become famous.)

2. The MC obviously-


This is the playground we have. All thanks to MC, the steel bars, the drums are kept on road, instead of storage spaces.



This is our bowling end and one can clearly see the drums lying on side of the road. The steel bars carry a huge price tag with them, and the only protection they have got is a simple lock tying the bars.
3. We are equally responsible-
Nowadays, the kids spend their entire time with the gizmos and gadgets they have got. Guys with 100-200 in their pockets, every evening start collecting enough amount to get some joint with their friends.(This really happens, you also know), and not to mention the girls getting in to action. The parents never encourage their kids to participate in extracurricular activities. Well some of you might think that you encourage your kids, and your kids are doing wonders. But hey, your kids are not the only kids in Shimla. Even 6-7th standard students have started smoking, after being inspired by their seniors. This trend if continues, Shimla will turn in to horrible space. It’s time you give your kids a chance to shine, to become what they want, and to be with them always.



WILL YOU GIVE THESE KIDS A CHANCE TO SHINE?????
                              ASK YOURSELF

Prashashan Janta ke dwaar Par

This scheme was started by the previous Chief Minister of the state Shri Prem Kumar Dhumal. Under this scheme the Chief Minister himself, visited parts of Himachal Pradesh to redress the grievances of the Himachalis.
In the budget 2013-14,it is clearly mentioned that this scheme is of prime importance to the present government as the people of Himachal Pradesh are the priority of the state government. But 6 months have passed and there has been no action by the government.


Benefits of the scheme-
1. The government comes to your doorstep to solve your problems.
2. More effective and time saving method than E - Samadhan.

Mr. Dhumal visited Kangra, Una, Hamirpur, Chamba etc. , and took this scheme seriously.
The scheme if implemented properly would help poor people reach the government directly. It is a known fact that to reaching the govt. via middle groups only leads to delay in decision making, and often waste of time. So this scheme would be helpful in redressing grievances in a minimum interval of time.
( The views in this blog are my own views. I don’t support a particular party, sect, religion or cult. I only support truth, and those people who believe in it. )

SOLVING WATER PROBLEMS IN SHIMLA

 
Water is one of the basic elements of Mother Nature. 70% of our body is made up of water. This is a known fact that we can’t live without water. This article is all about Shimla and its connection with water.
At present Shimla has a daily requirement of ‘65 million liters’ of water daily. The “IRRIGATION AND PUBLIC HEALTH” department supplies ’55 million liters’ of water daily to the city. After wastage ’52-53 million liters’ is available to the city which is supplied by the municipal corporation.
This picture explains the flow of water from ‘IPH dept.’ to us.

 
During summers the supply decreases and the tourists increase.
Here are some interesting facts-
1. According to a law in Shimla each and every new structure should have provision for rain water harvesting.(I still see many new buildings without such measure.)
2. There are many hotels in Shimla having this rainwater harvesting package.
3. The water rates in Shimla are 17.85 rupees per kilo liters of water. This is a rise from 10% to the earlier price. The water prices in Shimla will see a rise of 10% at the end of financial year.
(1^st April to 31^st March)
4. The water we receive is about 80% subsidized. Just calculate how much cost would you incur if water was not subsidized.
5. The water is treated and made suitable for drinking by “IPH DEPARTMENT”.
6. Shimla supply lines have history connection to 1875 when the first water supply lines were commissioned. Very few changes in the supply have been made since then.
7. Water is lifted with the help of pumps now and then, this adds to the additional costs which are included in the total costs (17.85 rupees)
8. Earlier only five supply lines were there. The sixth from the ‘GIRI River’ was added to meet the excess demands.
9. It is a future estimate that all six will not be able to supply as much, as to meet the future demands.
WHAT TO DO???????

What Government is doing –?
1. An ambitious project to lift water from the Satluj and Giri Rivers.
2. To channelize water in 67 streams in Shimla
(Channelizing- Straightening, shortening a stream etc.)

STREAM CHANNELIZATION
3. The government is thinking of privatizing the Water Supply.
How You Will Suffer-?
· Channelizing will lead to erosion and many other harmful effects. Stones provide oxygen to the water flow. In channelized flow majorly concrete channel will be there and so no stones. The water quality will decrease because the natural aquifers will not be present.
· If privatization occurs, so the rates will definitely soar. ARE YOU READY TO PAY 1000 RUPEES PER MONTH INSTEAD OF MEAGRE 200-300?????
· Bringing water from distant rivers like Satluj etc. would be a highly costly affair.
· The rates of water will definitely go high in case demand surpasses supply.
·

SOLUTION- The rainwater is the purest source of water. Some facts about rainfall in Shimla are-
1. Shimla receives its 70% rainfall in the duration (June-August).
2. About 1400 million liters of water touches the grounds.
 
 
3. Such rainwater harvesting structures if built all over Shimla, a serious water crisis would definitely be solved. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF AUDITS AND ACCOUNTS, CENTRAL GOVT. OFFICE COMPLEX and BENLOW RESIDENTIAL COMPLEX in Shimla have Rainwater harvesting structures.
4. Training plumbers, masons, engineers etc. would be the first step towards water harvesting.
5. Small catchment areas if developed will refill the groundwater level. Don’t take ground water to be granted, it will also end one day.
6. The water channelization should be eco-friendly.
You will be surprised to know that the water samples which have been given to MC for checkup have been found satisfactory in almost all cases. Well more doubted people can check out at private laboratories. Here’s the link to clear your doubts. http://hpiph.org/Water%20sample.htm
BE MODERN-
· I will say using GIS systems will be of very much benefit to the govt. A pilot project has been started by the govt. for the same.
· Watershed development should take place. A scheme in Theog is for the same project.


MAXIMUM PEOPLE BLAME GOVT. FOR IRREGULARITIES. THE THING IS PEOPLE LACK UNITY. UNITED WE CAN BRING A CHANGE. IT IS NEVER A SINGLE MANS SHOW. IF YOU WANT IT, YOU WILL HAVE IT.

                                          RAINWATER HARVESTING

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RISING RATES OF CRIME IN SHIMLA

Shimla is evolving, and so are we. Earlier in 1991 when I was born, my parents told me that the facilities in Shimla were negligible in comparison to the facilities what we have today. The roads were calm, the wind was soft, the hustle was little and the people were friendly. But today the scenario has completely changed. The roads are full of vehicles, the wind is filled with lead, the shoulders have ignited temperatures and the new faces have created distances. The population has increased by 50000 people from 1991. This has led to sprawling of new structures right within the heart of Mother Nature.

                                                      This talk is not about the people who have been in Shimla for all this duration or who have been transferred to this beautiful city. This talk is about the new faces who have added to the stack of known.  I am talking about the laborers who have come from Nepal, Bihar, Bangladesh etc. to work in this city. In 1991 very few incidents of robbery, snatching etc. were reported to the police. But this count has risen to an alarming rate due to the intruders. The problem cause is as given.

1.     Problems due to unknown count of such people-

1.

Very few days back in our locality, some people broke the glass of a car and stole the valuables inside. After confirmation it was found that those people were the Nepalese. A few days back I read a news in newspaper that a daylight robbery took place in a home in Chhota Shimla, where an unknown laborer was reported on site. The instances are not new. Many people come in Shimla in search of jobs. They dwell in the slums of the city, and work on construction sites, in shops etc. They have no official records, and are hired by people because they are ready to work on low wages. I am not saying that all these people are responsible for the havoc, but this is a true fact that with their entrance in to the city. The crime rates have also increased. This post is not based on state bias, gender bias, or any sort of thing. This is what all people know what is happening in Shimla.

Solution- The municipal corporation should register such people coming in Shimla. They should only work under ‘work permits’. It is very obvious that such an arrangement would require extra sums of money, but for the safety and security of the residents of Shimla, it is very much important.

2.

  With the opening of the city, and intermixing of ideas and culture. The youth of Shimla has completely changed. Many students, including boys and girls have come in contact with harmful chemicals and substances used to make people high. This is a complete U-turn from the earlier scenario when only elders used to know about the stuff. Now even class 7 students have started to smoke and amazed by their seniors, are blindly attracted towards maal (weed). To satisfy their needs they steel from their homes. In case they are not able to get something from home. They turn toward crimes. A previous chain snatching incident is a related story. It is not a single incident, even people close to me have been attacked by young people for money. These shortcuts to earn money are basically to satisfy their own needs. Buying expensive stuff and satisfying their talab (satisfying the need of body to smoke or remain high).

This is just an example of how things are going on in Shimla, and how these conditions will lead to severe crisis in the country. Much more can be written regarding this matter.

The parents are totally responsible for their kids. This thing will be explained in another article.

Solution- Identifying the people smuggling poisonous stuff to the city and understanding the kids and their needs to grow and shine.

We are the future of India, and it is we on which the government works.

Smoking In Shimla
PG in Shimla
Playground In Shimla

SAVE YOUR HOMES, SAVE SHIMLA

Shimla is our hometown. It is the place we love, where he have spent our childhood, where we have studied, where we are earning, where we are living, where we are spending the final days of our lives. Shimla has touched down our lives in a miraculous way. It is our responsibility to preserve this heritage. In this blog I am going to take your attention towards the deteriorating conditions of buildings in Shimla.

I am a resident of Nabha (Shimla-4), and I am scared to live in my own building. The simple reason being the enlarging cracks and the unevenness in the base of the building. After inspection I found out, that water was not able to find its way out of the building. My curiosity led me to check out other buildings in my locality, and I found out that most of the buildings in Nabha were facing this problem. There are very serious consequences related to this problem. Some description is given below.

RAIN GUTTERS-

Rain gutters are essentially used to dispose the rainwater collected in them. They divert the rainwater shed by the roof. Many times leaves or sand etc. clog the entry of these rain gutters. As a consequence water flows over these gauges, and seeps through the walls. This has serious consequences-

·         This water moisturizes the walls and leads to drips of water surfacing through the ceiling.

·         Sometimes the ceiling may collapse due to rotting.

·          Harm to structural soundness of building.

The water if anyway reaches down after overflowing, seeps in to the earth. This water weakens the foundation with time. The foundation gets uneven due to moisture, leading to surfacing of cracks. These cracks lead to deterioration of building structures, and in severe cases the building might fall.

With money this problem can be solved, but it will require huge sums. We people don’t want to see situation like in Sangla or Kedarnath in our city. The only means to ensure our security is by taking our opinion to the respectable municipality.

I hope people will find this blog convenient and ask themselves. Are they safe in their homes?

SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATION

                                   

Search engine optimization (SEO) is done to optimize the results of a search engine to favor a given website. It is done to potentially improve a website and save time. Whenever we search a keyword on Google, we come across two types of results. One is the sponsored result, which appears first on the screen for the owner of the website has paid for it. The second one, and the important one is the organic results. We optimize a website to top the organic search results.

There are many important aspects of search engine optimization. Few important one’s are-

1.      Content Quality-

If you want people to visit your website, the most important thing is to give them relevant information about your website. This information will be displayed on your web-page. There should be no space for doubt in the minds of the visitors. They should get the point straightway, without even stressing their brains. The point is, the language should be simple and understandable. The content should have quality, i.e. you can put the content just to put it, or you can put the content to make a mark on the minds of the users.

2.      Keywords-

Keyword is generally a short understandable form for a substantial amount of content. For e.g. if you have written about songs, and you have explained the types of music. Your keyword should probably be ‘Song Types’. One should develop strong and unique keywords, so that Google is able to recognize the content and push it up on its organic search list. These keywords are linked to your website via HTML.

There are three main parts of SEO-

·        Crawling

·        Indexing

·        Result Searching

Crawling is basically the way Google reaches your website. Consider Google to be a person who will come to your home only if you will give him proper directions and address. The directions are the links of your website, which it picks up from significant locations. These significant locations may be the blogs of prominent people, forums, question and answer forums etc. You have to leave your print at these significant locations, so that Google can reach your website. After viewing your content or material, if it finds it significant it will definitely promote you on its organic search engine results. Indexing is done by Google to find the best among the given set of websites, working in the same field. Results are in the form of visibility on search results.

Optimizing your website will require some basic knowledge of Google and its tools too. The Google webmaster tools helps optimize your website. Knowledge of HTML, and online marketing ideas are a plus in optimizing the search results. It is true 1000 links on 1000 sites is far better than 1000 links on a single website.

Now there are some simple tips-

·        Blog regularly for your website

·        Always write relative content

·        Use keywords optimally

·        Don’t spam

HIMACHAL AND ITS BEAUTY

                                               

Himachal Pradesh, the very word conveys the expression ‘In the lap of Himalayas’ is a home to numerous beautiful places. Divided in to 12 districts, each district speaks for itself. The beauty and serenity of the hills and calmness of the cool breeze attracts a huge chunk of tourists. Some of the beautiful places are-

                                   1. KHAJJIAR

Also termed as ‘Mini-Switzerland’, Khajjiar is extremely famous among the tourists. Surrounded by green meadows and dense forests, Khajjiar is at an altitude of 2000m above the sea level. Khajjiar is 24 km from Dalhousie, which itself is a famous hill station.

Sitting on a small plateau with a lake in the middle, fed by a stream, it is a part of Kalatope wildlife sanctuary. It is among the 160 places in the world, whose topography resembles to Switzerland. A stone taken from Khajjiar was kept in front of the Swiss parliament signifying there is another Switzerland and it is in INDIA.
Khajjiar

         

                                  2. TRIUND

Enveloped with snow, Triund is a paradise for natural beauty lovers. At an altitude of 2827 meters, triund offers a great view of the dhauladhar ranges. Snow capped peaks and breathtaking scenery make it one of the most beautiful places in India.

The trek to triund starts from mcleodganj, which is 10 km from dharamsala. The 8-9 km trek takes about 4-5 hours to reach the destination. The trek can also be started from dharamkot, 2km from mcleodganj, which is the final stop for vehicles. Forest guest houses are available for accommodation. Enthusiasts can also try camping.
Triund

                                                  

                                           3. MANIKARAN

Located in the Parvati valley, Manikaran is 1760m above the sea level. Famous for its hot water springs, it is the root centre for Hindu and Sikh religious beliefs.  Gurudwara and shiv temple are the main attractions of this tourist spot. Situated 45 km from kullu, Manikaran is famous for its beautiful landscape. The Parvati project is located here, generating electrical energy from the geothermal energy of the earth.
Manimahesh

                                             4. BAROT

Barot valley is one of the most beautiful valleys in India. Situated 40 km from jogindernagar and 66 km from District Headquarters Mandi, Barot rests nears the banks of Uhl River. Famous for its trout breeding centre and serene beauty, Barot is a home to famous trekking route from Bada gram to Billing (International paragliding spot). Barot is gateway to nargu wildlife sanctuary and home to monal, black bear and ghoral. One can sit near the banks of Uhl River and catch trout fish, and enjoy the breathtaking views of shimmering White Mountains.
Barot

CAPTAINS, FIRE-POWER AND TEAM INDIA

INDIAN cricket team has always depended on the captains to develop a winning strategy, to gain a winning streak satisfying  the hunger of numerous Indian cricket fans. Over the years Indian captaincy has exchanged numerous hats. Numerous experiences have shaped the future of Indian cricket team. In this blog I am going to talk about the five best captains in Indian cricket history. These captains have spanned over a sprawling cricket time period. Saw ups and downs but held their faith. The five captains are-

1. SUNIL GAVASKAR
2. KAPIL DEV
3. MOHAMMAD AZHARUDDIN 
4. SOURAV GANGULY
5. MAHENDRA SINGH DHONI

INTRODUCTION-

India became the part of imperial cricket conference on 31st May 1926. On 25th June 1932 they took on England at Lords under the captaincy of  C.K.NAIDU. India lost this match. But it laid the foundation stone for a team which has won all three versions of world championship trophies. Till now India has got 31 test captains and 21 ODI(one day international) captains. T-20 , the new format of the game has seen just 3 captains till now. The religion of India and the heartthrob of it's people , cricket has always been in the Indian hearts. Now I will put some light on India and it's captains so far.

VIJAY  HAZARE-

  

Vijay Samuel Hazare was the captain of the Indian cricket team during 1950's . Under him the Indian cricket team won the first test match. The match was played at Madras and the opponent was England. 18000 runs and 595 wickets in first class made him a pick for the Indian cricket team. Vijay merchant once said that captaincy prevented him from becoming a fine batsman. 30 tests in all , he was one of the finest all rounder the Indian soil has produced. He was the first Indian batsman to score two centuries in one test , and three consecutive innings. With a batting average of 47.65 and 20 test wickets , he retired in 1953. He was the first Indian cricketer along with Jasu patel to be honoured with padma shri. He died in 2004.


SUNIL GAVASKAR

One of the greatest opening batsman in the Indian history, Sunil Gavaskar made test records for most test runs, and most test centuries. But being a captain he was not that successful. Under his captaincy India saw a draught phase , playing 31 matches without a victory. Alumnus of Mumbai's renown 'St. Xavier College' , Sunil Gavaskar was the first Indian to touch the 10000 run mark. His captaincy innings started  with a victory in New Zealand , where he scored a century in the first innings (135) and not out(35*) in the second innings. This test match was a chance a given to him, as the serving captain Bishen Singh Bedi was injured. Often termed as a conservative captain, maximum tests under his captainship ended in draws.He went down with non penetrative bowling attacks and often was under the scorn radars of Indian cricket board. Under his captaincy the first test series was played on home soil against the mighty West Indies, against whom he had a brilliant average. He scored a double century in the first test, becoming the only Indian  batsman to do so. The second test he again made century, but again like the first test it ended in a high scoring draw. The only test they won , gavaskar scored 1 and 4 in the two innings. The series was won (1-0). Once due to hectic schedule Gavaskar refused to go to the west indies tour. Gundappa Vishwanath was made the captain at that  time. But the West Indies board refused to host the matches as Gavaskar was not in the team.
                                   Under his captaincy, 47 test matches were played. only 9 test matches were won , 8 were lost, and 30 test matches were drawn. He captained 37 ODI's. Out of which only 14 were won by the Indian cricket team. 21 were lost and , 2 saw no results.
                       His attitude was also well shown through the controversial incident at MCG, where he was given out by the umpire. But being a captain he asked his fellow player chetan chauhan to leave the field. Vicious in tests , he was meek in the one dayers, scoring only one century coming in the world cup 1987.
                               In a notorious performance in the world cup 1975. Chasing a target of 334(60 overs) , he made 36 runs in 174 balls (1*4). India scored 132-3(60 overs) and lost the match by 202 runs. He later claimed he couldn't adjust to the pace of the game.
          The Border - Gavaskar trophy was instituted in his co-honour.


MOHAMMAD AZHARUDDIN

Graceful batting style compare to Gregg Chapel , he was the most successful ODI captain of India. Under his captaincy India won 90 one day internationals. Best at eden gardens, he scored 5 centuries in 7 test matches.With 22 centuries in test cricket with an average of 45 and 7 centuries in ODI with an average of 37, he played the captaincy innings every time the team required. He was one of the best slip fielders, taking 156 catches.
                                     Azharuddin led his to team to 14 test victories , a record by any Indian captain at that time.In 2000, he was accused of match fixing. But in year 2012 Andhra High court suspended the ban.In the year 1991 he was chosen as the wisden cricketer of the year.


KAPIL DEV

Indian cricketer of the century in 2002, Kapil Dev was the best allrounder that team India has ever produced. Fantastic performance in the first class led to his test debut against pakistan in faisalabad. Brilliant sportsmanship and honesty added stars to his bracket. How can we forget the 1980-81 tour of australia , when he got cramped in the leg. But faith in himself and love for his nation made him play the test match. His bowling figures were 28-5, inspite of taking pain killing injections. There are numerous other examples. When he was given the captaincy of Indian Cricket team in the 1983 world cup, the cricket team was facing troubles . Gavaskar was not performing well, so the captaincy of the team was given to kapil dev. ON 25th June 1983 , the day was recorded in the history of Indian Cricket as the day, on which the Indian Cricket team won the International world cup. Kapil playing an important part was the hero of Indian victory. His real test came in the match against zimbabwe, when India were 5 down for 17 runs. Kapil Dev came at the crease at that time, and played his natural innings. He made 175(138, 16*4, 6*6). The 9th wicket partnership for 126 broke the previous 9th wicket partnership records. This record was broken after 10000 days or 27 years.
                     After the world cup the west Indian cricket team toured India , and won all the matches , and both test and one day series, taking revenge of the world cup final defeat. Kapil Dev was removed from the captaincy and Sunil Gavaskar was again handed over the captaincy.
 During the 1987 world cup the team captaincy was again handed over to kapil dev. He again took the team to the semi finals of the world cup . One match against australia being the special one . Indian team in that match required 269 runs to win. But Kapil Dev discussed with the umpires about a boundary which was to be given to australian team , but was not given. The target was revised to 270 runs , and India required 271 to win. India made 269 runs in the match, but after a discussion , the match was awarded to India for the true sportsmanship of Kapil Dev.
               Under his captaincy 34 tests were played , out of which 4 were won by India and 7 matches were lost. 23 were drawn. His ODI performance was good. India won 39 matches out of 74 matches played by the team
           Great captain getting India the world cup, Kapil dev retired in 1994. On 8th March 2010 , he got  a spot in the ICC HALL OF FAME


SOURAV GANGULY

Affectionately known as 'dada', sourav was one of the most successful captain of Indian cricket team. Fifth highest scorer in ODIs, he was the third person in history to cross the 10000 mark. He played his first match in 1992 against West Indies. He scored only 3 runs in this match. His original debut was against England in 1996, for a chance given to him as Navjot singh sidhu left the team giving the reason of ill treatment by the then captain Mohammad Azharuddin. Sourav took this chance as his last chance and scored consecutive centuries against England. Proving his worth in the 1999 world cup by scoring his career best 183 against srilanka, he was given the captaincy of the team in 2000. But this captaincy was not a gift to him. He got this in tough times of Indian cricket as Mohammad Azharuddin was caught in the fixing scandal, and Tendulkar refused to captain Team India.
                                       During his time , Ganguly gave the Indian fans a reason to cherish. Taking India to the finals of world cup 2003, defeating australia 2-1 at home soil, winning the champions trophy in 2002. Taking the team to ICC knock out trophy finals and many more. He is termed as the most successful overseas test captain , with 11 test wins. Who can forget the finals of Natwest trophy in England , where India took the victory from the jaws of Englishmen.
                                 He was dropped out of the team in 2005 due to his poor form. But found the place again in 2007. He played his final match against australia , where he scored (85,0).
                               Dada was known to be an aggressive captain. In 1992 he was ruled out of the team only because of his arrogance.Taking the team from the difficult times, dada was the only person to introduce  yuvraj, raina etc . to the Indian cricket team . The future of Indian cricket. He took the responsibility at times , when the team was facing severe crisis. Building up the bowling, batting and fielding performances, he faced the mightiest and fought as a brave tiger. He was one of the most successful captain of Indian Cricket team.
                            He was given  padma shri in 2004 and banga vibhushan award in 2013.


M S DHONI

Mahendra Singh Dhoni was made the captain of Indian Cricket team in 2008. At present he is the captain of all three formats of the game, viz. Test, ODIs and T20s.  Under his captaincy, India won the 2007 ICC World Twenty-20, the CB Series of 2007–08, the 2010 Asia Cup, the 2011 cricket world cup  and the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy. India became the number 1 test team in 2009 ,and is currently the number 1 ODI team , all under his captaincy. Captain cool by the name , he has played captaincy innings numerous times. The final of the 2011 world cup where he played the match winning 91 is one of his best innings. At present he is the most successful test captain of india with 24 wins, ahead of ganguly by 3 wins.

Talking about the captains I  have found out that dhoni has the overall records to make him the best Indian captain ever. But the competition is also given by Sourav Ganguly. He was given a team that was to be moulded. At his time Indian fielding department was rough, only yuvraj singh and mohammad kaif  were the selected few to dive and catch the ball. Other players just rolled to catch the ball. With the better infrastructure now a days. We have got numerous athletic legs- ravindra jadeja, suresh raina, virat kohli and many more. These have increased the strength of Indian cricket team. With cricket extravaganzas like IPL and champions trophy, numerous options are available nowadays. We cannot say that Dhoni has been victorious only due to these reasons. But it makes us conclude that Mahendra Singh Dhoni and Sourav Ganguly both are the best cricket captains that India has ever got.